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Following centuries of debate about "nature and nurture", the discovery of DNA established the idea that nature (genes) determines who we are, relegating nurture (environment) to icing on the cake. Since the 1950s, the new science of epigenetics has demonstrated how environments, external and internal to individual bodies, influence gene expression at the molecular level, with significant implications for health and wellbeing. To the amazement of scientists, mapping the human genome indirectly supported these insights. Anthropologists Margaret Lock and Gisli Palsson outline vituperative arguments from classical times about the relationship between nature and nurture, furthered today by epigenetic findings and the demonstration of a "reactive genome." The nature/nurture debate, they show, can never be put to rest, because these concepts are in constant flux in response to the new insights science continually offers

Sociology of knowledge --- Evolution. Phylogeny --- Individuality --- Genetics, Behavioral --- Gene-Environment Interaction --- Heredity --- Social Environment --- Science

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Findings from the Human Genome Project and from Genome-Wide Association (GWA) studies indicate that many diseases and traits manifest a more complex genomic pattern than previously assumed. These findings, and advances in high-throughput sequencing, suggest that there are many sources of influence-genetic, epigenetic, and environmental. This volume investigates the role of the interactions of genes and environment (G x E) in diseases and traits (referred to by the contributors as complex phenotypes) including depression, diabetes, obesity, and substance use.

Genotype-environment interaction --- Gene-environment interaction --- Genotype by environment interaction --- Genotype (times) environment interaction --- Genotype x environment interaction --- Interaction of environment and genotype --- Genetics --- Phenotype --- Statistical methods.

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Does your family make you smarter? James R. Flynn presents an exciting new method for estimating the effects of family on a range of cognitive abilities. Rather than using twin and adoption studies, he analyses IQ tables that have been hidden in manuals over the last 65 years, and shows that family environment can confer a significant advantage or disadvantage to your level of intelligence. Wading into the nature vs. nurture debate, Flynn banishes the pessimistic notion that by the age of seventeen, people's cognitive abilities are solely determined by their genes. He argues that intelligence is also influenced by human autonomy - genetics and family notwithstanding, we all have the capacity to choose to enhance our cognitive performance. He concludes by reconciling this new understanding of individual differences with his earlier research on intergenerational trends (the 'Flynn effect') culminating in a general theory of intelligence.

Families. --- Family. --- Gene-Environment Interaction. --- Genetic psychology. --- Human beings --- Human genetics. --- Individuality. --- Intellect. --- Intelligence Tests. --- Intelligence --- Nature and nurture. --- Social Environment. --- Effect of environment on. --- Genetics. --- Human genetics --- Psychology

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Depuis le lancement du programme de séquençage du génome humain, le développement continu des technologies et des langages génétiques a fait émerger une riche littérature au croisement de la sociologie, de l’anthropologie et de la philosophie s’interrogeant sur la place grandissante acquise par le gène dans nos sociétés. Si la notion de génétisation s’y est imposée comme schème interprétatif critique des processus en jeu, celle-ci se voit aujourd’hui en partie dépassée consécutivement au développement de nouvelles modalités de diffusion des technologies génétiques. L’apparition d’une offre d’autotests génétiques par le biais d’Internet laisse en effet apparaître une autonomisation de la dynamique de génétisation au sein de la société, soit l’émergence d’une auto-génétisation à l’heure où la génomique en vient à se pratiquer en version Do-It-Yourself. Sur la base d’une enquête par observations ethnographiques de divers espaces numériques et d’entretiens, il ressort que des publics grandissants se voient désormais acquis à l’intérêt qu’il y aurait à s’orienter vers les gènes pour pouvoir se constituer un « capital santé » ou un « capital généalogique ». Au cœur de cette dynamique où le génétique en vient à englober des domaines en expansion, touchant tout autant à la santé qu’à la construction de l’identité, la génétisation n’apparaît plus seulement comme une opération de nature intellectuelle conduisant à valoriser le rôle des gènes face aux facteurs dits d’environnement, mais aussi et surtout comme une entreprise pratique au cours de laquelle l’individu en vient à se tourner vers ses gènes pour faire face à un environnement devenu incertain.

Gene-Environment Interaction --- Genetics, Human --- Epigenomics --- Environmental Exposure --- Anthropology, Medical --- Genotype-environment interaction. --- Human Genetics. --- Génétique humaine --- Interaction gène-environnement --- Épigénétique. --- Épigénétique --- Génétique médicale --- Aspect social. --- Interaction gène-environnement. --- Génétique médicale. --- Human genetics. --- Medical anthropology --- Epigenomics. --- Environmental Exposure. --- Anthropology, Medical. --- Sociology --- sociologie --- médecine --- santé

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In his new preface E. O. Wilson reflects on how he came to write this book: how The Insect Societies led him to write Sociobiology, and how the political and religious uproar that engulfed that book persuaded him to write another book that would better explain the relevance of biology to the understanding of human behavior.

Sociobiology. --- Social Darwinism. --- Darwinism, Social --- Competition --- Social change --- Social conflict --- Social evolution --- Biologism --- Human biology --- Human evolution --- Psychology, Comparative --- Social aspects --- aggression. --- altruism. --- behavioral genetics. --- bioethics. --- biological determinism. --- biology sexual orientation. --- cultural evolution. --- discrimination. --- gene environment interaction. --- heredity. --- human diversity. --- natural selection. --- nature v nurture. --- pulitzer prize. --- religion. --- social darwinism. --- sociobiology.